Spring Security教程(13)—- 验证码功能的实现

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有三中方法可以实现验证码的功能

第一种是自定义一个filter,放在SpringSecurity过滤器之前,在用户登录的时候会先经过这个filter,然后在这个filter中实现对验证码进行验证的功能,这种方法不推荐,因为它已经脱离了SpringSecurity

第二种是自定义一个filter让它继承自UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,然后重写attemptAuthentication方法在这个方法中实现验证码的功能,如果验证码错误就抛出一个继承自AuthenticationException的验证吗错误的异常比如(CaptchaException),然后这个异常就会被SpringSecurity捕获到并将异常信息返回到前台,这种实现起来比较简单

	@Override 	public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, 			HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException { 		 		String requestCaptcha = request.getParameter(this.getCaptchaFieldName()); 		String genCaptcha = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("code"); 		 		logger.info("开始校验验证码,生成的验证码为:"+genCaptcha+" ,输入的验证码为:"+requestCaptcha); 		 		if( !genCaptcha.equals(requestCaptcha)){ 			throw new CaptchaException( 					this.messageSource.getMessage("AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.badCaptcha",null,"Default",null)); 		} 		return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response); 	}

然后在配置文件中配置下

	<bean id="loginFilter" class="com.zrhis.system.security.DefaultUsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter"> 		<property name="authenticationManager"  ref="authenticationManager"></property> 		<property name="authenticationSuccessHandler"> 			<bean class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler"> 				<property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/index.jsp"></property> 			</bean> 		</property> 		<property name="authenticationFailureHandler"> 			<bean class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SimpleUrlAuthenticationFailureHandler"> 				<property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp"></property> 			</bean> 		</property> 	</bean>

最后在http中加入custom-filter配置,将这个filter放在SpringSecurity的FORM_LOGIN_FILTER之前

<custom-filter ref="loginFilter" before="FORM_LOGIN_FILTER"/>

最后一种是直接替换掉SpringSecurity的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,这种比较复杂,但是更为合理,也是我现在正在用的。

如果用这种方法那么http 中的auto-config就必须去掉,而form-login配置也必须去掉,因为这个不需要了,里面的属性都需要我们自行注入。

首先需要创建一个EntryPoint

	<bean id="authenticationEntryPoint" class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint"> 		<property name="loginFormUrl" value="/login.jsp" /> 	</bean>

然后在http中配置下

<sec:http access-decision-manager-ref="accessDecisionManager" 		entry-point-ref="authenticationEntryPoint">

然后我们来写CaptchaAuthenticationFilter,同样需要继承自UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter

public class CaptchaAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter{ 	 	public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_CAPTCHA_KEY = "j_captcha"; 	public static final String SESSION_GENERATED_CAPTCHA_KEY = Constant.SESSION_GENERATED_CAPTCHA_KEY; 	 	private String captchaParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_CAPTCHA_KEY; 	 	public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, 			HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException { 		 		String genCode = this.obtainGeneratedCaptcha(request); 		String inputCode = this.obtainCaptcha(request); 		if(genCode == null) 			throw new CaptchaException(this.messages.getMessage("LoginAuthentication.captchaInvalid")); 		if(!genCode.equalsIgnoreCase(inputCode)){ 			throw new CaptchaException(this.messages.getMessage("LoginAuthentication.captchaNotEquals")); 		} 		 		return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response); 	} 	 	protected String obtainCaptcha(HttpServletRequest request){ 		return request.getParameter(this.captchaParameter); 	} 	 	protected String obtainGeneratedCaptcha (HttpServletRequest request){ 		return (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(SESSION_GENERATED_CAPTCHA_KEY); 	} 	 }

在配置文件中配置CaptchaAuthenticationFilter

	<bean id="captchaAuthenticaionFilter" class="com.zrhis.system.security.CaptchaAuthenticationFilter"> 		<property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager" /> 		<property name="authenticationFailureHandler" ref="authenticationFailureHandler" /> 		<property name="authenticationSuccessHandler" ref="authenticationSuccessHandler" /> 		<property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/login.do" /> 	</bean> 	 	<bean id="authenticationSuccessHandler" class="com.zrhis.system.security.SimpleLoginSuccessHandler"> 		<property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/WEB-INF/app.jsp"></property> 		<property name="forwardToDestination" value="true"></property> 	</bean> 	<bean id="authenticationFailureHandler" class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SimpleUrlAuthenticationFailureHandler"> 		<property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp" /> 	</bean>

从配置文件中就可以看出来authenticationManager、authenticationFailureHandler、authenticationSuccessHandler、filterProcessesUrl等都需要我们自行注入了。

filterProcessesUrl定义的是登录验证的地址,默认的是j_spring_security_check这里我们改成login.do

authenticationSuccessHandler中的defaultTargetUrl定义的是登录成功后跳转到的页面

authenticationFailureHandler中的defaultTargetUrl定义的是登录失败后跳转到的页面

我们的首页app.jsp在/WEB-INF下所以需要使用服务器跳转,所以需要将forwardToDestination设为true,因为客户端跳转是不能直接访问WEB-INF下的内容的。

最后在http中将FORM_LOGIN_FILTER替换掉,最终http中完整的配置就变成了下面的内容

	<sec:http access-decision-manager-ref="accessDecisionManager" 		entry-point-ref="authenticationEntryPoint"> 		 		<sec:access-denied-handler ref="accessDeniedHandler"/> 		 		<sec:session-management invalid-session-url="/login.jsp" /> 		 		<sec:custom-filter ref="filterSecurityInterceptor" before="FILTER_SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR"/> 		<sec:custom-filter ref="captchaAuthenticaionFilter" position="FORM_LOGIN_FILTER"/> 	</sec:http>

custom-filter中before是在这个filter之前,after是之后,position是替换。

这样就可以实现对验证码的验证了,效果如下

Spring Security教程(13)---- 验证码功能的实现